Odor elimination system and method for a toilet

ABSTRACT

Odoriferous gases are drawn from a toilet bowl into a passage of a valve assembly, by a fan. When filled with water, a trap downstream of the fan blocks flow of gases through the passage. Downstream of the trap, the passage is fluidly coupled to a sewer drain. During evacuation, water is drained from the trap into a fluidly coupled reservoir. After evacuation, water is displaced from the reservoir. The displaced water flows back into the trap. A portion of flush water is diverted to maintain the water level in the trap.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation in part and claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Nonprovisional application Ser. No. 17/443,175 filed 21 Jul. 2021, which is a nonprovisional of, and claims the benefit of priority of, U.S. Provisional Application 62/705,903 filed 21 Jul. 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by this reference and made a part hereof.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to odor elimination from toilets, and, more particularly, to an odor elimination system and method that evacuates odors through a drain passage with a trap, which is evacuated and then refilled, to provide a clear passage for gas flow and then to prevent admitting sewer gas.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Over the years, many systems have been devised to attempt to mitigate odors from a toilet. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,386,594 describes a ventilation system that mounts on existing toilets. The system includes a secondary P-trap. Before the toilet is flushed, while a user is seated, water from the secondary P-trap is forced into the drain pipe using pressure from a fan, to provide a clear path for evacuating gases. When the user stands, the fan shuts off. When the toilet is flushed, the secondary P-trap refills. Whether a fan can generate pressure sufficient to empty a P-trap is far from clear. Also unclear is how effectively the secondary P-trap refills.

As another example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,730,560 describes an adapter ring compressed between a toilet horn and a sewer pipe flange and having a hollow core, an adapter inlet and an exhaust vent. A seat has at least one intake port, a gas cavity and a gas cavity exhaust port. A fan has a fan inlet and a fan exhaust. The fan inlet is connected to the gas cavity exhaust port and the fan exhaust connected to the adapter inlet. An electrically actuated one-way check valve is connected between the fan inlet and the gas cavity exhaust port. The valve remains open only when the fan is operating. When the fan operates, a negative pressure develops in the seat gas cavity, and the odor is pulled into the seat gas cavity and exhausted from the gas cavity exhaust port to the adapter inlet and then channeled into a sewer pipe through the exhaust vent. The exhaust vent of the adapter ring extends below the sewer pipe flange.

As another example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,295,656 describes a toilet venting apparatus that includes an upper insert mountable between a toilet tank and a toilet bowl, and a lower insert mountable between the bowl and a floor sewer pipe. The upper insert cooperates with the toilet bowl for removal of gases in the bowl through apertures in the bowl rim. A motor driven fan extracts the gases through the upper insert and forces the gases along the lower insert into the sewer. The fan is remotely activated. Flushing the toilet disables the fan until reactivated following flushing.

As yet another example, U.S. Pat. No. 1,955,579 describes a specially manufactured toilet that evacuates foul gasses through a vent pipe. A trap is configured to collect any moisture in the foul gasses. When the trap fills, it overflows into the drain pipe.

Some of these systems do not prevent admittance of sewer gases through the odor drain. Some of these systems do not provide a reliable mechanism for establishing a clear path for odor evacuation. Some of these systems are not readily adaptable to conventional toilets used in the United States.

What is needed is an odor elimination system that can fit modern toilets, of the kind used in the United States. The system should be reliable. A trap (e.g., P-trap) should be included in the system to block odors (sewer gas) from the drain. A device for controlling the level of the trap should ensure that the trap is empty (i.e., substantially empty) when odoriferous gas is evacuated from the toilet, and that the trap is full after odoriferous gas has been evacuated from the toilet.

The invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems and solving one or more of the needs as set forth above.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To solve one or more of the problems set forth above, in an exemplary implementation of the invention, a system and method of evacuating odors from toilets are provided. An exemplary method according to principles of the invention includes the following steps. A flow path is provided from a top of a toilet bowl to a valve assembly. The valve assembly includes a passage in fluid communication with the flow path and a sewer drain. The passage includes a trap in fluid communication with a reservoir. The trap is a generally U-shaped segment of the passage configured to contain water. The reservoir has a volume. When the trap contains water, the contained water blocks flow of gases through the passage. To permit the flow of odoriferous gases through the passage, water is evacuated from the trap. Upon evacuation, the trap does not block the flow of gases through the passage. A pressure differential is produced that draws odoriferous gases from the toilet bowl, through the flow path, through the passage including the trap from which water has been evacuated, and into the sewer drain. Then the evacuated water (the same water that was evacuated) is returned to the trap. For example, the pressure differential may be produced by actuating a fan that causes odoriferous gases to flow through the passage. The pressure differential then discontinues. The fan may be located within the passage upstream of the trap.

In one embodiment, the step of evacuating water from the trap entails, under the influence of gravity, draining water from the trap into the reservoir. The step of returning evacuated water to the trap entails displacing water in the reservoir. The displacement causes the water to rise to a level from which the water flows from the reservoir back into the trap. Such displacement may be accomplished by moving a barrier into the reservoir. The barrier occupies most of the volume of the reservoir, thereby displacing evacuated water. When displaced by the barrier, the previously evacuated water rises to a level in the reservoir from which the water flows back into the trap under the influence of gravity. The barrier may be moved into the reservoir by actuating an actuator (e.g., a linear actuator) operably coupled (e.g., magnetically or structurally connected) to the barrier. In such case, the actuated actuator causes the barrier to move into the reservoir. The barrier is sized and shaped to move linearly in the reservoir, while occupying substantially the entire volume of the reservoir when moved into the reservoir to displace water.

Over time, some water in the trap may evaporate, or remain in the reservoir (e.g., due to space between the reservoir and barrier), or overflow from the trap into the drain. To replenish such water, water may be added to the trap. For example, a portion of flush water may be directed (i.e., diverted) to the trap. Any excess water (i.e., more water than the trap can hold) added to the trap will drain by overflowing from the trap towards the sewer drain.

A user's use of the toilet may be sensed, using a sensor. Such sensing may start the method. For example, a switch may be activated under weight of the user on a mat or toilet seat. Alternatively, user motion may be sensed, such as using a motion sensor, such as a PIR sensor. Upon such sensing, a logical high output is generated from the motion sensor due to motion of a user. When the user's use, motion or presence is no longer sensed, the user has departed, and the evacuation of odors may proceed to cessation.

An exemplary system according to principles of the invention may be attached to (or included as original equipment with) a conventional toilet of the type used in the US. The system comprises components to draw odoriferous gases from a bowl and direct the gases to a sewer drain. One unique aspect of the system is a valve assembly with a trap and reservoir configured to evacuated water from the trap when odoriferous gasses are being drawn through, and afterwards to refill the trap with the same evacuated water. Another unique aspect is a diverter that diverts a portion of flush water to the trap to keep the trap full. These and other unique aspects of the system are described below in greater detail.

In general, an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention includes an odor duct, a water supply line, a valve assembly, a control module, a sensor and a drain. The odor duct includes an inlet module and a conduit. The inlet module, which extends to the bowl, includes one or more intakes for odoriferous gases, and a flush water inlet. The conduit extends from the inlet module to an inlet on the valve assembly. The odor duct provides a flow path for odoriferous gases, from the bowl to a passage in the valve assembly. The valve assembly contains a passage for odoriferous gases to flow to a drain, i.e., the same sewage drain to which the toilet is coupled. The passage is a fluid flow path defined by structural elements within the valve assembly. A fan and trap are provided in the passage. The fan produces a pressure differential that draws odoriferous gases from the bowl, through the conduit, into the passage and to the drain, when the trap is evacuated. The trap (e.g., a p-trap) is a U-shaped segment of the passage that holds water to impede the flow of sewer gases from the drain through the passage. The trap is located downstream of the fan. Through an aperture, the trap is in fluid communication with a reservoir. The reservoir is located and sized for fluid in the trap to evacuate into the reservoir under the influence of gravity, when the reservoir is not blocked. A movable object (i.e., barrier) is sized and shaped to occupy substantially all volume of the reservoir. The barrier is similar to a piston and the reservoir is similar to a cylinder. The barrier may be moved between a closed position, in which it occupies substantially all volume of the reservoir, to an open position, in which it does not occupy substantially any volume of the reservoir needed to hold water evacuated from the trap. Thus, in an open position, the barrier is removed from the reservoir and allows water to flow from the trap, through the aperture into the reservoir. When moved from the open position to the closed position, the barrier displaces water in the reservoir. The displaced water flows from the reservoir through the aperture back into the trap, where it remains until the barrier is again moved to an open position. The valve module includes an actuator, which moves the barrier between the closed position and the open position (i.e., from the closed position to the open position, and vice versa). The actuator is operated by the control module. A sensor detects the presence of a user. When a user is detected, the control module activates the fan and the actuator in the valve assembly. This causes the actuator to move the barrier from the closed position to the open position. This causes the evacuation of water from the trap. The water flows through the aperture into the reservoir under the influence of gravity. Under the influence of the fan, odoriferous gases from the bowl flow through the conduit, through the passage, past the evacuated trap, and to the drain. When the user departs, the control module again actuates the actuator, this time causing the actuator to displace water in the reservoir, thereby refilling or substantially refilling the trap. When the toilet is flushed, a portion (e.g., a small portion) of the fresh flush water is diverted to the trap, to ensure the trap remains full when the barrier is in the closed position. Any excess water in the trap overflows to the drain.

An exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention may be attached to the exterior of the toilet, as conceptually illustrated in the figures, or confined (i.e., contained) to the interior of the tank for aesthetic reasons. In the latter case, the tank may be configured with sufficient volume to house the components. The components may be contained in a water-proof housing. Alternatively, the tank may include a compartment dedicated for housing the components.

The toilet vent tube (pre flush cycle) may function as the intake for the toilet bowl fumes as it remains empty of flush fluid until the toilet is flushed.

The adding of fluid to the trap from the flush cycle serves as a failsafe to assure the trap remains full and thus closed no matter if the exemplary odor elimination system malfunctions. The refilled trap ensures a positive lock, preventing sewer gas from flowing from the sewer connection into the bathroom.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other aspects, objects, features and advantages of the invention will become better understood with reference to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings, where:

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of an exemplary toilet equipped with an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 2 is a side view of an exemplary toilet equipped with an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 3 is another top perspective view of an exemplary toilet equipped with an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 4 is a plan view of an exemplary drain adapter for an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 5 is a top perspective view of an exemplary drain adapter for an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 6 is a side view of an exemplary drain adapter for an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 7 is a plan view of an exemplary tank adapter for an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 8 is a top perspective view of an exemplary tank adapter for an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 9A is a schematic view of an exemplary hydraulic valve assembly in a closed configuration for an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 9B is a schematic view of an exemplary hydraulic valve assembly in an open configuration for an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 10 is a high level flowchart of an exemplary method of odor evacuation using an odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 11 is a high level flowchart of a step for an exemplary method of odor evacuation using an odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 12 is a high level flowchart of another step for an exemplary method of odor evacuation using an odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 13 is a high level flowchart of another step for an exemplary method of odor evacuation using an odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 14 is a high level flowchart of another step for an exemplary method of odor evacuation using an odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

FIG. 15 is a high level block diagram of a control system for an exemplary method of odor evacuation using an odor elimination system according to principles of the invention; and

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the figures are not intended to be drawn to any particular scale; nor are the figures intended to illustrate every embodiment or implementation of the invention. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments depicted in the figures or the specific steps, order, components, configurations, shapes, relative sizes, ornamental aspects or proportions as shown in the figures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIG. 1 , a top perspective view of an exemplary toilet 100 equipped with an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention is provided. The toilet includes a bowl 105 and a tank 120 with a lid 115. A seat cover 110 is hingedly attached to the top of the bowl 105. A pair of inlets 385, 395 for odoriferous gas extend to the bowl. The inlets may extend beyond the edge of the bowl 105 into the cavity, or may extend to points in the vicinity of the edge of the bowl. While a pair of inlets 385, 395 is illustrated, the invention is not limited to two inlets 385, 395. One or more inlets may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. In some embodiments, the inlets may be integrally formed (e.g., cast or machined) in the bowl 105 structure. Each inlet defines a flow path for evacuating odoriferous gases. Also visible in FIG. 1 is an inlet 325 of a drain adapter 300 which leads to an opening 315 in fluid communication with a toilet flange opening and sewer drain.

A valve assembly 200 is conceptually illustrated. The valve assembly 200 provides a flow path for evacuation of odoriferous gases into the sewer drain. The valve assembly 200 also blocks the flow of sewer gases from the sewer drain when odoriferous gases from the bowl 105 are not being activated.

FIGS. 2 and 3 provide side and perspective views of the exemplary toilet 100 equipped with the exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention. A cover 202 is removed from the valve assembly 200 to reveal interior components and structure. The valve assembly 200 includes an odoriferous gas (OG) inlet 215, a fan 210 downstream of the OG inlet 215, and a deflector 220 downstream of the fan 210 to direct the flow of gases towards a trap downstream of the deflector 220. The exemplary trap is a generally U-shaped segment in the passage (i.e., the flow path in the valve assembly 200 between the OG inlet 215 and OG outlet 240). Because of its configuration, the trap retains water. The water creates a gas seal that prevents sewer gas from passing the trap. Thus, when filled with water, the trap blocks the flow of sewer gases through the passage. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the generally U-shaped segment comprising the trap is defined by a pair of adjacent chambers 223, 224, partially separated by a panel 232 that extends downward, but leaves a space at the bottom of chambers 223, 224 for flow between the chambers, and bound by an overflow wall 234. The overflow wall 234 defines the downstream side of the trap. When the trap is filled, the water level will be about equal to the elevation of the top of the overflow wall 234. If water is added to the trap when the trap is full, water will flow over the overflow wall 234, through the downstream portion of the passage 225 (i.e., the outlet portion of the passage), through the OG outlet 240, through the drain adapter 300 (FIG. 4 ), through the toilet flange 130, into the sewer drain. Other traps, as known in the art of plumbing, may be utilized without departing from the scope of the invention.

In another embodiment, fan 210 may be located downstream of the trap, out of the liquid flow path. When the trap is evacuated and the fan 210 is actuated, the fan creates a negative pressure that promotes flow of odoriferous gases into the drain.

The trap is fluidly coupled to a reservoir 255. The fluid coupling allows fluid flow between the trap and reservoir 255. The reservoir 255 is a lower portion of an adjacent compartment 252, from the bottom of the aperture 246 to the bottom of the compartment. The reservoir 255 is at an elevation below the elevation of the trap, i.e., at a lower elevation than the trap. In FIGS. 2 and 3 , a barrier 245 (i.e., a movable barrier) is located in the reservoir 255. The fluid coupling is an aperture 246 (window) that leads from compartment 233, through dividing wall 248 to the top of the reservoir 255. The aperture 246 is located at or near the bottom of compartment 233 and at or near the top of the reservoir 255. The reservoir 255 extends downward from the aperture 246. This configuration allows water from the trap to flow through the aperture 246 into the reservoir 255, when the barrier 245 is removed from the reservoir 255, and allows water from the reservoir 255 to flow through the aperture 246 into the compartment 223 when the barrier 245 is moved into the reservoir 255 thereby displacing the water.

In the exemplary embodiment, an upper portion 252 of the adjacent compartment 252 houses an actuator 205 (e.g., a linear actuator). In the exemplary embodiment, a rod 250 couples the barrier 245 to the actuator 205. The invention is not limited to the actuator and coupling conceptually illustrated in the figures. Other actuators, such as, but not limited to, rotary actuators configured to wind or unwind a cable or tether, may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. Other couplings such as lead screws, racks, cables, tethers and the like may couple the barrier 245 to the actuator 205, without departing from the scope of the invention. A spring may bias (i.e., urge) the barrier into the raised position or the lowered position. The spring may be a compression spring that pushes the barrier, or a tension spring that pulls the barrier. The actuator may produce force that opposes the spring force when the actuator is activated. The barrier 245 may buoyant or non-buoyant. A non-buoyant barrier 245 has a density (i.e., the quotient of the mass of the barrier divided by the volume of the barrier) greater than the density of water, and therefore will sink in water. A buoyant barrier 245 has a density less than the density of water. A buoyant barrier 245 may be pushed or pulled by the actuator 205 (and/or by a spring) into the water, to displace the water in the reservoir 255. A non-buoyant barrier 245 may descend into the water under the influence of gravity, or may be pushed or pulled by the actuator 205 (and/or by a spring) into the water, to displace the water in the reservoir 255. A buoyant or non-buoyant barrier 245 may be lifted (pulled) from the reservoir 255, to vacate the reservoir 255, to allow water from the trap to flow into the reservoir.

The exemplary valve assembly includes inlets and outlets. With reference to FIG. 3 , the OG inlet 215 is coupled by a hose or other conduit to the gas outlet 365 of the odor duct 340 (FIG. 7 ). A flush water inlet 230 is coupled by a hose or other conduit to the flush water outlet 355 of the odor duct 340. The OG outlet 240 is coupled by a hose or other conduit to the inlet 325 of the drain adapter 300. Outlets 355 and 365 are illustrated extending through ports in the back wall of the tank 120. In other embodiments, outlets 355 and 365 may be located beneath the tank 120.

FIGS. 4 through 6 conceptually illustrate an exemplary drain adapter 300 for an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention. The drain adapter 300 is located between the bottom of the toilet 100 and the toilet flange 130. The toilet flange 130 (aka closet flange) is a pipe fitting that both mounts the toilet 100 to the floor and connects the toilet 100 to a drain pipe. A tubular fitting 135 extends downward from the flange. The tubular fitting 135 mates with the sewer drain pipe.

The adapter 300 includes a mounting pad 305, which provides a surface for supporting the toilet. The mounting pad 305 may be solid, perforated or corrugated. The mounting pad 305 may be unitary or composed of a plurality of spacers, which may be separate or connected.

Mounting holes 310 extend through the mounting pad 305. The mounting holes 310 are located adjacent to an opening 315. The mounting holes 310 align with mounting apertures in the flange 130. Mounting bolts may extend through the aligned holes in the flange 130 and adapter 300.

A seal, gasket, O-ring or sealant may be provided to ensure a water-tight seal between the flange 130 and pad 305. Alternatively, the pad 305 may be sufficiently resilient to provide a water-tight seal when the adapter 300 is installed between the bottom of the toilet 100 and the flange 130.

An opening 315 extends through the mounting pad 305. The opening 315 aligns with the central opening in the toilet flange 130. The opening 315 is about the same shape (i.e., circular cross section) and size as the central opening in the toilet flange 130. Flushed waste and water from a toilet 100 will flow through the opening 315, through the toilet flange 130 into a sewer drain.

As shown in FIG. 5 , one or more odor ports 320 are provided in the periphery of the opening 315. The odor ports 320 are fluidly coupled to the odor inlet 325. The odor ports 320 may be fluidly coupled to the odor inlet 325 through one or more channels formed in the mounting pad 305 and extending from the inlet 325 to the ports 320 in the periphery of the opening 315. Alternatively, the odor ports 320 may be fluidly coupled to the odor inlet 325 through one or more tubes attached to or contained within the mounting pad 305. The tubes may extend from the inlet 325 to the ports 320 in the periphery of the opening 315.

In use, the odor inlet 325 is fluidly coupled to the OG outlet 240. Such coupling may be with a hose or with pipes and fittings. When fluidly coupled, matter that flows out of the OG outlet 240 flows into the odor inlet 325. Such matter that flows into the odor inlet 325 then flows to the ports 320 in the periphery of the opening 315, then through the flange 130 and into the sewer drain. To facilitate flow, the OG outlet 240 of the valve assembly 200 may be elevated, by elevating the valve assembly 200, or by providing legs at the bottom of the valve assembly 200 that maintain the OG outlet at a higher elevation than the odor inlet 325.

FIGS. 7 and 8 conceptually illustrate an exemplary tank adapter 340 for an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention. The tank adapter 340 includes channels for receiving fluids. More specifically, the tank adapter includes odor collection channels 370, 380 and a flush water diverter 360, each coupled to an outlet 365, 355. Outlet 365 is the outlet for odoriferous gases. Outlet 355 is the outlet for diverted flush water.

The odor collection channels 370, 380, have inlets 385, 395. The exemplary channels 370, 380 are arranged in a divergent V-shaped pattern. The inlets 385, 395 are positioned at the top of the bowl 105, near the tank 120. Odoriferous gases are drawn into the channels 370, 380, via the inlets 385, 395.

The channels 370, 380 are fluidly coupled to an annular conduit 350 (an annular fluid flow passage). The annular conduit 350 defines a circular opening 345. The opening 345 is sized and shaped to provide a flow path from the bottom of the toilet tank 120 to the bowl 105 (i.e., to the shelf at the back of the bowl 105 onto which the tank 120 is mounted). Flush water from the tank 120 flows through the opening 345 into the bowl 105. A seal, gasket, O-ring or sealant may be provided to ensure a water-tight seal between the annular conduit 350 and the tank 120 and bowl 105. Alternatively, the adapter 340 may be sufficiently resilient to provide a water-tight seal when the adapter 340 is installed between the bottom of the tank 120 and bowl 105.

A diverter 360 captures a portion of the flush water. The diverter includes a cup or funnel-like opening facing upwardly and leading to a tube coupled to the outlet 355. Captured flush water flows to the flush water outlet 355. The captured flush water constitutes a small portion of the flush water. Diverting such a small portion of the water does not appreciably diminish the cleaning or refilling capacity of the flush water. The diverted flush water is directed to the trap in valve assembly 200 to maintain the trap in a filled condition, notwithstanding evaporation and overflow from the trap. The adding of fluid to the trap from the flush cycle serves as a failsafe to assure the trap remains full and thus closed no matter if the exemplary odor elimination system malfunctions. The refilled trap ensures a positive lock, preventing sewer gas from flowing from the sewer connection into the bathroom.

FIG. 9A provides a schematic view of an exemplary hydraulic valve assembly 200 in a closed configuration for an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention. The barrier 245 occupies the vast majority of the volume of the reservoir 255. The barrier 245 also blocks the opening 246 in the wall 248 that separates the trap from the reservoir 255. Both compartments 223, 224 of the trap contain water. The contained water is at an elevation sufficient to cover the bottom of the wall 232 between the compartments 223, 224. The trap containing the water in the compartments 223, 224, thus provides a gas seal.

The fan 210 is not activated, i.e., is off. When the fan 210 is off, the fan is not operating, not creating a pressure differential and not drawing odoriferous gases into the valve assembly 200. The fan is operably coupled to a controller. The controller controls activation and deactivation of the fan 210.

The flush water inlet 230 is coupled by a hose or other conduit to the flush water outlet 355 of the tank adapter 340. When the toilet 100 is flushed, diverted flush water from the diverter 360 flows to the outlet 355, through a hose or conduit, into the water inlet 230. As the tank adapter 340 is located between the tank 120 and bowl 105, at an elevation above the elevation of inlet 230, diverted water flows into inlet 230 under the influence of gravity.

FIG. 9B provides a schematic view of an exemplary hydraulic valve assembly 200 in an open configuration for an exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention. The barrier 245 has vacated the volume of the reservoir 255. The actuator 205 has moved the barrier 245 out of the reservoir 255. The barrier 245 no longer blocks the opening 246 in the wall 248 that separates the trap from the reservoir 255. Both compartments 223, 224 of the trap that previously contained water, are drained. The water from the trap has flowed through the opening 246 into the reservoir 255. With the trap being empty, or substantially empty, a flow path for odoriferous gases is provided, i.e., unimpeded by water.

The fan 210 is activated, i.e., is on. When the fan 210 is on, the fan creates a pressure differential and draws odoriferous gases into the valve assembly 200. Flow of odoriferous gases proceeds through the OG inlet 215, through the fan 210, through the downstream side 222 of the fan, through the trap compartments 223, 224, and out of the OG outlet 240.

The fan 210, which is operably coupled to a controller, is activated when use of the toilet, is sensed. A switch or sensor operably coupled to the controller may detect use. The fan may be deactivated, i.e., turned off when use ceases.

When use of the toilet ceases, the barrier 245 is moved into the reservoir 255. Such movement displaces water from the reservoir 255, through the opening 246, into the trap compartments 223, 224.

When the toilet is flushed, the flush water inlet 230, which is coupled by a hose or other conduit to the flush water outlet 355 of the tank adapter 340, guides diverted flush water from the diverter 360 of the tank adapter 340 into the trap compartments 223, 224. Such diverted water helps to maintain a volume of water sufficient to fill the trap compartments 223, 224. To the extent the diverted water increases the volume of water beyond the capacity of the trap compartments 223, 224, any excess water will overflow wall 234 and proceed through the OG outlet 240, through a hose or other conduit to the inlet 325 of the drain adapter 300, and then into the sewer drain.

FIG. 10 is a high level flowchart of an exemplary method of odor evacuation using an odor elimination system according to principles of the invention. The method entails starting (i.e., activating), in step 400, one or more components of the system. By way of example, a control module controls operation of an actuator and fan. The step of starting may entail powering on the control module, such as by completing a circuit using a switch and/or connecting to a power source.

When activated, the control module controls operation of components, such as an actuator and fan. The control module may receive a command or signal to activate the actuator and fan. In response to the command or signal, the control module may activates the actuator and the fan.

In step 405 the trap is evacuated. A flow path is provided from a top of a toilet bowl to a valve assembly. The valve assembly includes a passage in fluid communication with the flow path and a sewer drain. The passage includes a trap in fluid communication with a reservoir. The reservoir is in fluid communication with the trap, via a port or conduit. The reservoir is at a lower elevation than the trap. The trap is a generally U-shaped segment of the passage configured to contain water. When the trap contains water, the contained water blocks flow of gases through the passage. To permit the flow of odoriferous gases through the passage, water is evacuated from the trap. Upon evacuation of the water, the trap does not block the flow of gases through the passage.

In an exemplary implementation, the step of evacuating water from the trap entails, draining (i.e., moving) water from the trap into the reservoir. By way of example and not limitation, such evacuation may be accomplished by removing (i.e., moving) a barrier from the reservoir. The barrier may be moved using the actuator that is operated by the control module. A sensor may detect the presence of a user. When a user is detected, the control module activates the actuator in the valve assembly. This causes the actuator to move the barrier from the reservoir. Upon such movement, the barrier no longer occupies the volume of the reservoir. As the barrier vacates the reservoir, water flows from the trap into the fluidly coupled reservoir, under the influence of gravity.

A pressure differential is produced that draws odoriferous gases from the toilet bowl, through the flow path, through the passage including the trap from which water has been (or is being, or will soon be) evacuated, and into the sewer drain. The pressure differential may be produced by actuating a fan, as in step 410. The fan may be located within the passage upstream of the trap. The fan may be operably coupled to the control module, which controls activation and deactivation of the fan. The fan may be activated when use of the toilet, is sensed. A switch or sensor operably coupled to the controller may detect use. When the fan is off, the fan does not operate, and does not create a pressure differential, and does not cause odoriferous gases to flow through the flow path or passage. When activated, the fan causes odoriferous gases to flow through the flow path and passage.

In step 415, odoriferous gases flow to the sewer. Thus, the trap remains evacuated and the fan remains activated for a sufficient time period to allow odoriferous gases flow to the sewer. The flow path is provided from the top of a toilet bowl to the valve assembly. The valve assembly includes the passage in fluid communication with the flow path and the sewer drain. The passage includes the trap in fluid communication with a reservoir. To permit the flow of odoriferous gases through the passage, water has been evacuated from the trap. Upon evacuation, the trap does not block the flow of gases through the passage. The pressure differential produced by the fan draws odoriferous gases from the toilet bowl, through the flow path, through the passage including the trap from which water has been evacuated, and into the sewer drain. The flow proceeds for a sufficient time to reduce or eliminate odors. By way of example, the flow may proceed while the toilet is in use.

In step 420, the end of the odor elimination cycle is reached. Control proceeds to shutdown steps. The end of the odor elimination cycle may coincide with the completion of use of the toilet. A user's use of the toilet may be sensed, using a sensor. Such sensing may start the method. For example, a switch may be activated under weight of the user on a mat or toilet seat. Alternatively, user motion may be sensed, such as using a motion sensor, such as a PIR sensor. Upon such sensing, a logical high output is generated from the motion sensor due to motion of a user. When the user's use, motion or presence is no longer sensed, the user has departed, and the evacuation of odors may proceed to cessation.

One shutdown step entails refilling the trap, as in step 425. In an exemplary implementation, the trap is refilled with water that was previously evacuated from the trap. The water that was drained from the trap into the reservoir is forced back into the trap. The step of returning evacuated water to the trap entails displacing water in the reservoir. The displacement causes the water to rise to a level from which the water flows from the reservoir back into the trap, which is fluidly coupled to the reservoir. Such displacement may be accomplished by moving the barrier into the reservoir, which may be accomplished using the actuator. When moved into the reservoir, the barrier occupies most of the volume of the reservoir, thereby displacing evacuated water. When displaced by the barrier, the previously evacuated water rises to a level in the reservoir from which the water flows back into the trap under the influence of gravity. The rising flow is enabled in space between the barrier and the walls of the reservoir. The barrier may be moved into the reservoir by actuating an actuator (e.g., a linear actuator) operably coupled (e.g., magnetically or structurally connected) to the barrier. In such case, the actuated actuator causes the barrier to move into the reservoir. The barrier is sized and shaped to move linearly in the reservoir, while occupying substantially the entire volume of the reservoir when moved into the reservoir to displace water, leaving just enough space between the barrier and walls of the reservoir to allow displacing flow. The water that was previously drained from the trap, is returned (via displacement) from the reservoir back to the trap in step 425.

Another shutdown step entails shutting off the fan, as in step 430. The fan is deactivated (shut off) to discontinue the pressure differential. When the pressure differential discontinues, odoriferous gases are no longer drawn from the toilet bowl, through the flow path, through the passage. The refilled trap would prevent flow through the passage. When the fan is off, the fan does not operate, and does not create a pressure differential, and does not cause odoriferous gases to flow through the flow path or passage.

Steps 405 through 430 constitute an exemplary odor evacuation cycle. Each use of the toilet may initiate an odor evacuation cycle. Even uses that do not produce odoriferous gases may initiate an odor evacuation cycle. Of the gases that emanate from flatulence and feces, volatile methyl sulfides have been identified as responsible for the odor, and to a lesser degree, hydrogen sulfide gas and methanethiol. All are byproducts of bacteria in the digestive tract and are recognized by the nose as volatile organic compounds. Optionally, the control module may receive input from a gas sensor, such as hydrogen sulfide sensor, to forgo an odor evacuation cycle unless the sensor detects the presence of odoriferous gas. As another option, a switch may be conveniently located for a user to actuate when the user wants an odor evacuation cycle. Alternatively, as discussed above, an odor evacuation cycle may be completed with each detected use of the toilet.

After the shutdown steps are completed, control passes to step 435, where the control system waits to begin another odor evacuation cycle. For example, the system may wait until the toilet is in use, or until a user selects a switch, or until a sensor detects an odoriferous gas, or until some other triggering event, signal or command.

FIG. 11 conceptually illustrates that the startup step 400 may entail detecting a user. Such detection may entail output from a sensor or completion or disruption of a circuit by a switch. For example, a switch may be activated under weight of the user on a mat or toilet seat, or by user manipulation of the switch (e.g., flipping, toggling, turning, or pressing a switch). Alternatively, user motion may be sensed using a motion sensor, such as a PIR sensor. Voice activation and audible sensors may also be used. Upon such sensing, a logical high output is generated from the sensor due to motion of a user. If a switch is closed to complete a circuit, the control module may detect the completion. If a switch is opened to disrupt a circuit, the control module may detect the disruption. When a user's use, motion or presence is no longer sensed, the user has departed, and the evacuation of odors may proceed to cessation.

FIG. 12 conceptually illustrates that ending the odor evacuation cycle is triggered by cessation of use, as in step 420. Control then proceeds to shutdown steps. The end of the odor elimination cycle coincide with the completion of use of the toilet, which is when the user departs. A user's use of the toilet may be sensed, using a sensor. Such sensing may start the method. For example, a switch may be activated under weight of the user on a mat or toilet seat. Alternatively, user motion may be sensed, such as using a motion sensor, such as a PIR sensor. Upon such sensing, a logical high output is generated from the motion sensor due to motion of a user. When the user's use, motion or presence is no longer sensed, or the circuit is no longer completed (or disrupted) by a user, the user has departed, and the evacuation of odors may proceed to cessation.

There are many possible ways to evacuate a trap, and reuse the water evacuated from the trap. For example, a pump may be activated to move water from the trap to a reservoir and then, subsequently, when the odor evacuation cycle completes, back to the trap. In FIG. 13 , the step of evacuating the trap entails unblocking the reservoir. As another example, such evacuation may be accomplished by removing (i.e., moving) a barrier from the reservoir. The barrier may be moved using the actuator that is operated by the control module. A sensor may detect the presence of a user. When a user is detected, the control module activates the actuator in the valve assembly. This causes the actuator to move the barrier from the reservoir. Upon such movement, the barrier no longer occupies the volume of the reservoir. As the barrier vacates the reservoir, water flows from the trap into the fluidly coupled reservoir, under the influence of gravity. In yet another implementation, a valve in a port between the trap and reservoir is opened to drain the reservoir, and a pump is later activated to return the water back into the trap, upon which the valve is closed. In yet another implementation, a pump is used to pump water from the trap into a higher elevation reservoir, and later a valve in a port between the trap and reservoir is opened to drain water from the reservoir back into the trap. In each implementation, the water evacuated from the trap is stored in a reservoir and then reintroduced into the trap. In each implementation a mechanism and/or gravity moves the water from the trap to the reservoir and/or from the reservoir to the trap. In each implementation, the mechanism is activated by a control module.

In FIG. 14 , the step of refilling the trap entails blocking the reservoir (Step 425A), such as by moving the barrier into the reservoir, and thereby displacing the water in the reservoir. When displaced by the barrier, the previously evacuated water rises to a level in the reservoir from which the water flows back into the trap under the influence of gravity. The rising flow is enabled in space between the barrier and the walls of the reservoir. The barrier may be moved into the reservoir by actuating an actuator (e.g., a linear actuator) operably coupled (e.g., magnetically or structurally connected) to the barrier. In such case, the actuated actuator causes the barrier to move into the reservoir. The barrier is sized and shaped to move linearly in the reservoir, while occupying substantially the entire volume of the reservoir when moved into the reservoir to displace water, leaving just enough space between the barrier and walls of the reservoir to allow displacing flow. Thus, the water that was previously drained from the trap, is returned (via displacement) from the reservoir back to the trap in step 425A. However, the invention is not limited to this step of moving water from the reservoir back into the trap. Rather, other techniques, such as pumping and/or gravity return, may be implemented to move water from the reservoir back into the trap, in accordance with the principles of the invention.

Additionally, a portion of flush water is diverted into the trap, as in step 425B. By way of example and not limitation, a diverter may capture a portion of the flush water, within the toilet tank or at the outlet of the toilet tank. The captured portion of flush water flows to the to the trap. Diverting a small portion of the flush water does not appreciably diminish the cleaning or refilling capacity of the flush water in the toilet. The diverted flush water is directed to the trap to maintain the trap in a filled condition, notwithstanding evaporation and overflow from the trap.

FIG. 15 is a high level block diagram of a control system (control module) for an exemplary method of odor evacuation using an odor elimination system according to principles of the invention. The exemplary control module includes a microcontroller 505 which receives, stores and processes signals and data and generates output. The microcontroller 505 comprises a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output pins. In one embodiment, pins are dedicated to input or output states. In another embodiment, pins are software configurable to either an input or an output state. When configured to an input state, the pins may be used to read sensors or external signals, such as circuits activated by switches. If the microcontroller 505 contains an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), one more separate analog-to-digital converters may not be necessary. Each analog to digital converter converts incoming analog signals into a digital form that the microcontroller 505 can process. Configured to the output state, the microcontroller 505 pins can drive external devices such as relays 515, 520. If the microcontroller 505 does not contain a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) that allows the microcontroller 505 to output analog signals or voltage levels, then a DAC would be operably coupled between the microcontroller 505 and each component that requires an analog signal from the microcontroller 505. Software, firmware, scripts, programming instructions, a database look-up table for evaluation of sensor data and determining an appropriate response, and other instructions and information may be stored and reside in the memory.

The control module receives electrical power from a power source 510. The power source 510 may comprise a power supply configured to supply electric power to the electrical load, here the control module. In one embodiment, a power supply converts electric current from a source to the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load. The source may come from the electric power grid, such as an electrical outlet, energy storage devices such as batteries or fuel cells, generators or alternators, solar power or photovoltaic converters (cells), or another power supply. In one embodiment, the power source 510 includes one or more disposable or rechargeable batteries.

One or more sensors 500 is operably coupled to the microcontroller 505. Each sensor is a device, module, machine, or subsystem that detects events or changes in an environment and provides an output that indicates the detection to other electronics, here the microcontroller 505. The sensor may be a touch-sensitive tactile sensor. A switch that may be activated (thereby completing or interrupting a circuit) is considered a sensor. The completion or interruption of the circuit indicates activation of the switch. Such a switch may be manually activated or activated under the influence of a user's weight. The sensor may include a motion sensor, such as a passive infrared (PIR), microwave, or an ultrasonic motion sensor. The sensor may include a photodetector, such as an electronic eye configured to detect disruption of a light beam.

Each relay 515, 520 is operably coupled to the microcontroller 505. Each relay is an electrically operated switch with a set of input terminals for control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals. The contacts may be make contacts, break contacts, or combinations thereof. The contacts may complete a power supply circuit. One relay 515 may complete a circuit to supply power to the fan 210. Another relay 520 may complete a circuit to supply power to the actuator 205. The relays may employ an electromagnet to close or open contacts or may contain solid-state circuitry that employs semiconductor properties for control without relying on moving parts. In one embodiment, one or more of the relays may be a latching relay, which requires only a single pulse of control power to operate the switch persistently. Another pulse applied to a second set of control terminals, or a pulse with opposite polarity, resets the switch. Thus the microcontroller 505 controls operation of actuator 205 and fan 210 by controlling relays 515, 520, which activate the actuator 205 and fan 210.

In one nonlimiting example, the microcontroller may comprise an Arduino board, such as an Arduino UNO board powered by an Atmega328 processor operating at 16 MHz, with 32 KB of program memory, 1 KB of EEPROM, 2 KB of RAM, 14 digital I/O pins, 6 analog input pins, and both 5V and 3.3V power rails. The board can be powered by an external power supply (AC-to-DC adapter) or battery. The external power supply can be connected by plugging a 2.1 mm center-positive plug into a power jack on the board. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the GND and V_(in) pin headers of a power connector on the board. A 2-channel relay shield (i.e., expansion board) may be interfaced to (i.e., operably coupled to) the Arduino UNO board.

An exemplary odor elimination system according to principles of the invention may be attached to the exterior of the toilet, as conceptually illustrated in the figures, or confined (i.e., contained) to the interior of the tank for aesthetic reasons. In the latter case, the tank may be configured with sufficient volume to house the components. The components may be contained in a water-proof housing. Alternatively, the tank may include a compartment dedicated for housing the components.

While an exemplary embodiment of the invention has been described, it should be apparent that modifications and variations thereto are possible, all of which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. With respect to the above description then, it is to be realized that the optimum relationships for the components and steps of the invention, including variations in order, form, content, function and manner of operation, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention. The above description and drawings are illustrative of modifications that can be made without departing from the present invention, the scope of which is to be limited only by the following claims. Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl comprising: providing a flow path from a top of a toilet bowl to a valve assembly, the valve assembly including a passage in fluid communication with the flow path and a sewer drain, the passage including a trap in fluid communication with a reservoir, the reservoir having a volume, the trap containing water and the contained water blocking flow of gases through the passage; evacuating water from the trap, the trap not blocking the flow of gases through the passage when water is evacuated; producing a pressure differential that draws odoriferous gases from the toilet bowl, through the flow path, through the passage including the trap from which water has been evacuated, and into the sewer drain; returning evacuated water to the trap; and discontinuing production of the pressure differential.
 2. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 1, wherein the step of evacuating water from the trap comprises, under the influence of gravity, draining water from the trap into the reservoir.
 3. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 1, wherein the step of returning evacuated water to the trap comprises displacing water in the reservoir, said displacing causing the water to rise to a level from which the water flows into the trap.
 4. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 3, wherein the step of displacing water comprising moving a barrier into the reservoir, the barrier occupying most of volume of the reservoir thereby displacing evacuated water.
 5. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 4, wherein the step of moving a barrier into the reservoir comprising actuating an actuator operably coupled to the barrier, the actuated actuator causing the barrier to move into the reservoir.
 6. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 5, the actuator being a linear actuator.
 7. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 5, the actuator being magnetically coupled to the barrier.
 8. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 5, the actuator being structurally coupled to the barrier.
 9. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 5, the barrier being sized and shaped to move linearly in the reservoir.
 10. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 1, the trap comprising a generally U-shaped segment of the passage, the generally U-shaped segment being configured to contain water.
 11. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 1, further comprising a step of adding water to the trap.
 12. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 11, the step of adding water to the trap comprising directing a portion of flush water to the trap.
 13. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 12, further comprising a step of draining excess water from the trap.
 14. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 1, the step of draining excess water from the trap comprising overflowing excess water from the trap towards the sewer drain.
 15. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 1, the step of producing a pressure differential comprising actuating a fan, the fan causing flow of odoriferous gases through the passage.
 16. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 15, the fan being within the passage upstream of the trap.
 17. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 1, further comprising a step of sensing a user using the toilet.
 18. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 17, the step of sensing a user using the toilet comprising one of activating a switch under weight of the user and producing a logical high output from a motion sensor due to motion of a user.
 19. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 17, the step of sensing a user using the toilet further comprising sensing use of the toilet by the user until the user ceases use.
 20. The method of evacuating odors from a toilet bowl according to claim 1, the trap comprising a generally U-shaped segment of the passage, the generally U-shaped segment being configured to contain water; wherein the step of evacuating water from the trap comprises, under the influence of gravity, draining water from the trap into the reservoir; the step of returning evacuated water to the trap comprises displacing water in the reservoir, said displacing causing the water to rise to a level from which the water flows into the trap; the step of producing a pressure differential comprising actuating a fan, the fan causing flow of odoriferous gases through the passage, the fan being within the passage upstream of the trap; and further comprising steps of: adding water to the trap by directing a portion of flush water to the trap; draining excess water from the trap by overflowing excess water from the trap towards the sewer drain; and sensing a user using the toilet until the user ceases use. 